Prohibition Expression in Japanese and Indonesian: A Cross-Cultural Study

Abstract

In Japanese there are many expressions (hyougen), one of which is kinshi hyougen. Kinshi hyougen is an expression used to order the other person not to do something. In Indonesian, to state a sentence of prohibition, modalities can be used in lexical forms such as “jangan”, “dilarang” or in the form of negation such as “tidak boleh, tidak dibolehkan, tidak diperkenankan”. In the study of Japanese in an accumulative manner there are 20 kinds of prohibited sentence forms and each of them has a different usage. In both Japanese and Indonesian, the appearance of the prohibition expression is always accompanied by the context in which it is used. The emergence in this paper is examined based on usage in written text, utterances in film shows, and appearance in outdoor media. This paper discusses the expression of prohibitions in both languages using both lexical forms and morphological processes through cross-cultural linguistic studies. The kinshi hyougen contained in Ryusei no Kizuna drama are 8 form, which is ~na, ~naide, ~naide kudasai, ~te wa dame, ~te wa ikemasen, ~no, ~njyanai, and ~kinshi. The linguistic marker of Japanese prohibition have expression with a strong sense of language, politeness changes, and euphemistic expression. Meanwhile, the prohibition linguistic markers in Indonesian are terima kasih, tidak boleh, dilarang, jangan (lah), mohon, tolong, biarkan, tidak diperkenankan.